The concepts and methods are illustrated using two case studies. Spatially explicit information on soil erosion is critical for the development and implementation of appropriate soil and water conservation swc measures. The details of all publications are in the researchgate in full text pdf forms. Documents below in pdf format requre adobe acrobat reader to view them. The objectives of this study were to estimate the magnitude of soil loss rate, assess. Published online december 8, 2017 soil erosion modeling and conservation planning james c. T value tolerable erosion equilibrium between soil gains and losses.
The presented methods cover modeling of hillslope erosion and deposition, gully formation, and landscape evolution processes. Estimation of vegetation parameter for modeling soil erosion. Graduate school of agricultural and life sciences, the university of tokyo, yayoi 111, bunkyoku, tokyo, 18657, japan. Soil erosion by water has accelerated over recent decades due to nonsustainable land use practices resulting in substantial land degradation processes. Method factsheet rusle revised universal soil loss. Sheet erosion sheet erosion is the removal of soil in thin layers by raindrop impact and shallow surface flow. Soil erosion modeling using rusle and gis on dudhawa catchment. Erosion contributes to loss of agricultural land productivity and ecological and esthetic values of natural environment, and it impairs the production of safe drinking water and hydroenergy production. If we lose this layer, this area will become useless to farmers and native. Depending on the local landscape and weather conditions, erosion may be very slow or very rapid. Soil erosion assessment tools from point to regional.
This research established an empirical methodology to estimate potential soil erosion rate based on revised universal soil loss equation rusle and e30 model. Soil erosion assessment tools from point to regional scales. Soil parameter inputs for wepp are based on 1992 soils5 data. The existence of stones over the soil surface may reduce erosion by protecting soil from rain splash.
A person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries controls, is controlled by or is under common control of another person. Read online soil erosion modeling using gis and rusle on the eurajoki. A user friendly gis model for the estimation of erosion. Such models often consider other landscapeforming processes in addition to erosion, such as mass movements and fluvial river erosion. Universal soil loss equation and revised universal soil loss equation 9 include any impact either erosion or deposition of the concentrated flow channels that form in the natural swales at the bottom of the roughly planar hillslopes, and certainly did not address classical gullying processes that often occur at steep bound. The fourth 4th largest river of papua new guinea, and its catchment area was considered for this research. Title page abstract introduction conclusions references tables figures j i j i back close full screen esc printerfriendly version interactive discussion abstract soil erosion is the main driver of land degradation in ethiopia, and in the whole region of east africa. Soil erosion occurs when soil is removed through the action of wind and water at a greater rate than it is formed soil the soil covering the surface of the earth has taken millions of years to form and we must learn to respect it. Hydrological data is also analyzed to give some understanding of the watershed response to the primary erosive input. Soil erosion modeling and conservation planning mafiadoc. Rusle, a bnctional model derived fiom the analysis of intensive soil erosion data, has seen wide application in longterm water erosion pre diction renard et al. Soil erosion download soil erosion ebook pdf or read online books in pdf.
Soil erosion is a naturally occurring phenomenon wheresoil particles are displaced and carried away by water, wind or other agents. During the construction process, soil is highly vulnerable to erosion by wind and water. Introduction purpose during the construction process, soil is highly vulnerable to erosion by wind and water. He is past president and serves on the board of directors of. Introduction the accuracy of model prediction is important. The aims of this paper is to model the spatial distribution of soil erosion in densu river basin of ghana using rusle and gis tools and to use the model to explore the relationship between erosion susceptibility, slope and land use and land cover lulc in the basin.
Kimble3 1ohio state university, school of natural resources, 2021 coey rd. Model postconstruction stormwater runoff control ordinance. Ethiopia is known for its historic agriculture, but also for the associated, widespread, and ongoing land degradation. Soil erosion can be effectively controlled by modifying topography to reduce concentrated overland flow or by planting vegetation to reduce soil detachment and transport. Soil erosion in this region has been identified as a major problem due to both natural and anthropogenic factors. The rate at which erosion occurs depends upon the properties of the soil, terrain, climate, rainfall intensity and. Soil, as formally defined in the soil science society of america glossary of soil science terms, is. Estimating water erosion and sediment yield with gis. Soil erosion soil erosion is the detachment and movement of soil material. Upland erosion modeling rusle revised universal soil loss equation widely used method for estimating soil erosion the original usle is an empirical equation 1. This project would increase the understanding of the waterborne soil erosion directly related to river systems and the gis combined rusle model. However, their hillslope erosion component usually considers only soil erosion by water. Eroded soil endangers water resources by reducing water quality and causing the siltation of aquatic habitat for fish and other desirable species.
Soil eroded from the upland catchment causes depletion of fertile agricultural land and the. Implicit in this hypothesis is the supposition that waterstable soil aggregates and primary particles can be viewed as a tracer for soc of an equivalent settling velocity. Nov 10, 2016 although soil erosion plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and affects the well being of aquatic and marine ecosystems, few earth system models include processbased representations of the transport of sediments and particulate organic carbon from land to rivers and streams. Soil erosion assessment in this study has been done using morgan et al. Iirs carried out erosion model in mountainous terrain, the study was.
When sufficient energy is no longer available with erosive agents to transport the particles then the third phase is called a deposition. Provided for noncommercial research and educational use. The slemsa model is neither meant for estimation of sediment yields to rivers or dams nor soil deposition in depressions. Modeling the sediment yield and the impact of vegetated.
In corine methodology, soil erodibility is calculated by considering soil texture, soil depth, and stoniness. Himalayan physiographic unit of india in due course has become populated and is tolerating all kinds of human interventions. Estimation of vegetation parameter for modeling soil erosion using linear spectral mixture analysis of landsat etm data alejandro m. The soil erosion process is modified by biophysical environment comprising soil, climate, terrain, ground cover and interactions between them. Columbus, oh 43210, usa 2north appalachian experimental watershed, usdaagricultural research service, p. In accordance with these agents, erosion is sometimes divided into water erosion, glacial. Estimation of potential soil erosion rate using rusle and. Many accurate soil erosion models were developed over the last four decades to assess soil erosion risk at differ ent levels.
Its a mathematical and an empirical model used to describe soil erosion processes and based on many factors such as soil, topography, climate, land cover and human activities. Potential erosion, representing by soil losses, has units of weight per unit area per year thayr. Some models focus on longterm natural or geological erosion, as a component of landscape evolution. However, when earthquakes occur, massive amounts of soil, including crops and forests are a.
Soil erosion modeling using rusle and gis on dudhawa. The soil erosion probability zones in the study area has been categorized into four types viz. Soil erosion and sediment yield modeling using remote sensing and gis techniques 61 30 where, y is the sediment yield on a given day ton, qs is the surface runoff mm, qp is the peak runoff rate m3s, a area is area km2, 3. Integrated modeling of soil erosion for a canadian watershed. Watershed soil erosion, integrated gis, rusle modelling, climate change, buffer strips how to cite this paper. Brief overview of catchment modeling and trap efficiency of reservoirs. Modeling reforestations role in climateproofing watersheds from flooding and soil erosion fulltext html xml download as pdf size. Thus, assessment of soil erosion and identifying the lands more prone to erosion are vital for erosion management process. Dr mark nearing has authored more than 200 scientific papers on the subject of soil erosion over the past 25 years. In terms of soil texture, silt, very fine sand, and clay soils tend to be less erodible than sand, sandy loam, and loamy soils.
Human activities including agriculture and soil conservation can disturb the key soil erosion processes, thus contributing to a large fraction of variability in the observations. Hardly any part of the world has remained unchanged since the arrival of the specieshomo sapiens including the mountain ecosystems. Soil erosion assessment using gis and revised universal. Dynamic monitoring of plant cover and soil erosion using. Upland erosion modeling rusle revised universal soil loss equation widely used method for estimating soil erosion the original usle is an empirical.
Helping north coast landholders reduce soil erosion. Coupling of erosion models with gis is discussed, followed by examples of gis implementation of simple and advanced models. Thus, the erosion values obtained from the rusle revised universal soil loss equation more accurately represents longterm averages. Nearing, and holm kipka abstract accelerated soil erosion induced by human activities is a primary cause of soil degradation worldwide.
Application of gis methods in soil erosion modelling. Assessing soil erosion although soil erosion has been taking place very slowly in natural. Estimating water erosion and sediment yield with gis, rusle. Renschlera,b, jon harbora ausdaagricultural research service ars national soil erosion research laboratory nserl, purdue university, 1196 soil building, west lafayette, in 479071196, usa. Monitoring and modeling of erosion processes can help people better understand the causes of soil erosion, make predictions of erosion under a range of possible conditions, and plan the implementation of preventative and restorative strategies for erosion. The wepp model, cligen model and climate data files have not changed. The soil erosion probability zone was generated by overlaying different layers such as land useland cover, soil, slope and a rainfall maps using weighted index overlay method. Modeling the impacts of soil management practices on runoff, sediment yield, maize productivity, and soil organic carbon using apex pdf. Soil qualitymost of the nutrients needed to sustain plant and animal life are in the top layer or horizon of soil. Modeling soil carbon transported by water erosion processes. The implementation of appropriate measures is strongly needed in order to prevent. We used tangible landscape to analyze distribution of soil erosion and deposition potential in a small watershed and to design conservation measures by changing topography and. Soil erosion assessment tools from point to regional scalesthe role of geomorphologists in land management research and implementation chris s. Box 488, coshocton, oh 43812, usa 3national soil survey center, usdanrcs, federal.
Application of revised universal soil loss equation rusle. This class of models is also known as landscape evolution models among other names. Caesar cellular automaton evolutionary slope and river model wilsim webbased interactive landform simulation model wind erosion. Among these, the univeral soil loss equation usle 31,32, european soil ero sion model eurosem 33, soil erosion model for. Methods according to wischmeier and smith 1978, the usle expresses the rate of soil erosion in the form of soil loss in tonshectare th i. Lisle encyclopedia of life support systems eolss arklscp ff off, 1 where a is the mass of soil lost from unit area per year, averaged over as many years as. The usle predicts potential erosion and is widely used in the world. The water erosion prediction project wepp developed a computer model for predicting soil erosion by water. The process may be natural or accelerated by human activity. The united states department of agriculture, the agricultural research. More importantly, we find that eventscale climatic parameters e. Soil erosion involves detachment and transport of soil particles from top soil layers, degrading soil quality and reducing the productivity of affected lands. Soil erosion modeling using rusle and gis on cameron highlands, malaysia for hydropower development soo huey teh a 30 ects credit units master.
Methods and materials modeling soil erosion by rusle. Soil erosion risk, usle, model builder, gis, remote sensing. Simulating erosion using ansys computational fluid dynamics. It is essentially a model for soil removal schulze, 1979. Assessment of soil erosion using rusle, gis and remote.
Soil erosion is the displacement of the upper layer of soil, it is one form of soil degradation. Soil erosion is one of the main forms of land degradation. Natural erosion has sculptured landforms on the uplands and built landforms on the lowlands. Excessive soil erosion with a resultant high rate of sedimentation in the reservoirs and decreased fertility has become solemn environmental problems for the country with disastrous economic consequences. However, it can be regarded as a useful model in differentiating areas of high and low erosion potential schulze, 1979. In order to develop landscapescale estimates of soil erosion in minnesotas agricultural. Download pdf soil erosion free online new books in politics. Pdf modeling soil erosion using rusle and gis tools. Soil erosion assessment using gis and revised universal soil. They further stated that developmentof proc essbased erosion prediction technology has required the delineation and description offunda. Using the remote sensing and gis technology for erosion. Spatial estimation of soil erosion risk using rusle. Model ordinance for agricultural erosion control original publication august 1994 updated april 2014 minnesota board of water and soil resources 520 lafayette road north st. Erosion model demonstration this demonstration shows the effect ground cover has on soil erosion.
Because of its unique ability of the rosehairsine model to explicitly recognize the differential behavior of the various. Recently, a mathematical model called epic erosion productivity impact calculator was developed to determine the relationship between soil erosion and soil productivity in the u. May 12, 2018 soil erosion can be effectively controlled by modifying topography to reduce concentrated overland flow or by planting vegetation to reduce soil detachment and transport. This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice glaciers, snow, air wind, plants, animals, and humans. However, the complexity of erosion processes and the number of scientific disciplines. Pdf this chapter explains the theory and methods for gisbased modeling of soil erosion, sediment transport, and deposition by surface water flow. The corrected cligen par file documentation is available here.
It results in loss of the finest soil particles that contain most of the available nutrients and organic matter in the soil. Soil erosion and sediment yield prediction accuracy using wepp. Journal of the american water resources association jawra 402. The soil erodibility, kf, is in practice calculated as the unknown in equation 1, given values for the slope length l, slope so, the crop management factor, cf, and pf, the factor describing any erosion control practice which might be adopted. A soil erosion model was developed to integrate ndvi and land slope to esti mate the soil erosion rate and the vegetation cover is a major factor of soil erosion. Download soil erosion modeling using gis and rusle on the eurajoki. Technical guidance georgia soil and water conservation. A user friendly gis model for the estimation of erosion risk. Assessment of soil erosion by rusle model using remote. The rusle uses the simple equation a r x k x ls x c x p. He is a pastpresident and honorary member of the european society for soil conservation and the author of soil erosion and conservation 3rd edition, blackwell 2005. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it.
The harerge region of eastern ethiopia, especially the highlands with altitudes greater than 1500m are among the highly affected areas by. Epic is composed of physically based components for simulating erosion, plant growth, and related processes. Modeling soil erosion with cs minnesota environment and. Why is it important to conserve soil on the surface. Soil erosion and sedimentation control ordinance page 2 of 18 affiliate.
The calculated erosion values reflected by this model can vary significantly due to fluctuating weather conditions. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as. Unesco eolss sample chapters water interactions with energy, environment, food and agriculture vol. Due to the relatively simple empirical approach, the typical erosion processes such as splash erosion, soil transport and soil deposition are not considered as a dynamic process. The older agricultural areas of the northeast have long been particularly affected, but the highest soil erosion rates are currently being observed in the western parts of the high lands. Modeling reforestations role in climateproofing watersheds.
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